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The Public
Enemy (1931)
In director William Wellman's gritty gangster classic
released before the Production Code went into effect - it featured
an effective portrayal of the lead anti-hero character Tom Powers
(James Cagney) as a sexually magnetic, cocky, completely amoral,
emotionally brutal, ruthless, and terribly lethal individual - a
two-fisted bootlegger who was successful in materialistic ways, acquiring
notoriety, power, wealth, and dames:
- the film's foreword from Warner Bros. Pictures:
"It is the ambition of the authors of 'The Public Enemy' to
honestly depict an environment that exists today in a certain strata
of American life, rather than glorify the hoodlum or the criminal..."
- the early scenes in 1909 of young Irish-American street
punk Tommy Powers (Frank Coghlan Jr. as boy) growing up in Chicago
- exhibiting meanness, dishonesty, and early criminality; he and
best friend Matt Doyle (Frankie Darro as boy) worked for a swindling
fence named "Putty Nose" (Murray Kinnell) who paid them
for stolen items
- by 1915, the boys were teenaged hoodlums, each offered
a gun as a Christmas present and hired by "Putty Nose" to
rob The Northwestern Fur Company warehouse; they bungled the theft
(Tom nervously fired his gun when frightened by an immense stuffed
animal, leading to the shooting death of lookout Limpy Larry Dalton,
a 3rd gang member, by an alerted policeman); and then as they fled
from the scene, Tom killed the policeman; thereafter "Putty
Nose" abandoned them: ("Putty Nose beat it. You'd better
lay low for awhile. The heat's on"); Tom promised to seek revenge: "Why,
that dirty, no-good, yellow-bellied stool. l'm gonna give it to that
'Putty Nose' right in the head the first time l see him"
- in 1917, while Tom's strait-laced veteran brother
Mike enlisted in the military in 1917 to serve in the Great War in
Europe (leaving Tom as "the man of the family"), Tom and
Matt were delivery truck drivers but decided to make more money by
working for big-time, better-connected underworld operator Patrick "Paddy" J.
Ryan (Robert Emmett O'Connor); by 1920, one of their biggest jobs
was to steal a tank load of alcohol from a "booze warehouse" and
earn a three-way split of $150,000
Tom and Matt's 'Employers'
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Teenaged Hoodlums
(l to r): Working for Fence "Putty Nose"
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Delivery Truck Drivers
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Switching Allegiances -
Working for Paddy Ryan
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and Bootlegger "Nails" Nathan
(Leslie Fenton)
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- Tom and Matt became involved in the corrupt and
violent business of bootlegging during Prohibition, working for
Paddy and allied with Samuel "Nails" Nathan (Leslie Fenton),
against an opposing gang run by Schemer Burns; Tom and Matt served
as the enforcing "trouble squad" - as "Nails" insisted:
"lt means they buy our beer or they don't buy any beer"
- the dinner-table scene (with a large beer keg of illegal
booze as a centerpiece), and returning shell-shocked, veteran brother
Mike's vicious argument with Tom; he was completely opposed to Tom's
dishonest criminal life: "I know what's in it. I know what you've
been doing all this time, how you got those clothes and those new
cars. You've been telling Ma that you've gone into politics, that
you're on the city payroll. Pat Burke told me everything. You murderers!
There's not only beer in that jug. There's beer and blood - blood
of men!"; he tossed the keg off the table; Tom countered his
brother's dissatisfaction with disgust: "Your hands ain't so
clean. You killed and liked it. You didn't get them medals for holding
hands with them Germans"
- the infamous, argumentative breakfast scene at the
Washington Arms Hotel in which brutal, cocky, and misogynistic gangster
Tom Powers stuffed half a grapefruit in the face of annoying mistress/girlfriend
Kitty (Mae Clarke); when he came to the breakfast table in a grouchy
and irritable mood, he asked his moll: "Ain't you got a drink
in the house?" and when rebuffed with her reply: "Well,
not before breakfast, dear", he felt insulted: "I didn't
ask you for any lip. I asked you if you had a drink." Then after
she told him: "I know, Tom, but I-I wish that...," he became
even more grouchy: "There you go with that wishin' stuff again.
I wish you was a wishing well, so that I could tie a bucket to ya
and sink ya." She provoked him with: "Maybe you've found
someone you like better," causing him to impulsively pick up
a grapefruit half from his plate and contemptuously push it into
her face to basically end their relationship
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Infamous Grapefruit Scene: Tom Powers with Kitty
(Mae Clarke)
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- the entrance of mysteriously cool Texas blonde Gwen
Allen (Jean Harlow), wearing expensive clothes, whom he first met
on the street; Tom brashly told her: "We're not going to
be strangers"; after chauffeuring her around town, with Matt
driving, he began to date her after dumping Kitty
- the scene of Matt's and Tom's revenge against long-time
gang-leader "Putty Nose" who Tom claimed had led him into
a life of crime: ("Sure, you taught us how to cheat, steal and
kill. And then you lambed out on us"); "Putty Nose" begged
for his life ("Ain't you got a heart, Matty boy? Don't you remember
how l used to play to you? And didn't l always stick up for you?
l ain't got this coming...You remember that song l used to sing?
That song l taught ya? You remember, Tommy. Back in the club, how
you kids used to laugh at that song"); he played a tune on the
piano that he had played for Tom when he was a kid, before he was
mercilessly murdered (off-screen) by Tom in cold blood; after two
shots, he fell onto the piano keys and onto the floor
- a seductive love scene in Gwen's apartment at the
The Congress Hotel; he knew she was "on the make", but
was holding out on him and possibly not right for him; when he announced
he was leaving her, she assured him - to the tune of I Surrender
Dear on the radio, why she was attracted to him (a bad man),
as she cradled his head to her breasts: "You're a spoiled boy,
Tommy. You want things, and you're not content until you get them.
Or maybe l'm spoiled, too. Maybe l feel that way, too. But you're
not running away from me. Come here. (she sat on his lap) Now you
stay put, if you know what that means. Oh, my bashful boy. You are
different, Tommy, very different. And I've discovered it isn't only
a difference in manner and outward appearances, it's a difference
in basic character. The men I know, and I've known dozens of them,
oh, they're so nice, so polished, so considerate. Most women like
that type. I guess they're afraid of the other kind. I thought I
was, too. But you're so strong. You don't give. You take. Oh, Tommy,
I could love you to death"
- the scene of Tom's vengeful execution of Rajah, a "spirited
horse," after his gangster boss "Nails" Nathan died
in a horse-riding accident (he fell off the horse and was kicked
in the head); he bought the horse for $1,000 and then promptly shot
it in its stall (off-screen)
- a gang war power struggle erupted after "Nails"'
death; the rival Burns gang bombed Paddy Ryan's headquarters and
their brewery was set on fire; as Tom and Matt left Paddy's home,
they were machine-gunned down on the street from a perch set up across
the street - and Matt lost his life
- the climactic shoot-out scene in which vengeful Tom
single-handedly slaughtered and eliminated the rival Schemer Burns
gang headquartered at the Western Chemical Company as the camera
deliberately remained on the outside of the building while a barrage
of shots and moaning screams of the wounded and dying were heard
from inside, but then Tom stumbled seriously wounded onto the rain-soaked
street, fell into the gutter, and muttered to himself: "I ain't
so tough"
- while hospitalized, a family visit brought Tom and
his brother Mike to reconcile with each other; Tom sincerely apologized:
("I'm sorry"), and expected to return home after recovering,
and his mother (Beryl Mercer) was overjoyed: "You're coming
home, ain't you Tommy, to stay?...You're going to get well and
strong. Both my boys back. All of us together again. I'm almost
glad this happened"
- in the final horrifying scene, the Powers home expected
that Tommy would be coming home soon from the hospital; however,
Paddy reported that the Burns' gang had kidnapped Tom from the hospital;
Paddy had negotiated to "quit the racket" if they let Tom
go; a phone call was soon received that Tom was indeed "on his
way" home; his mother cheerfully went upstairs and hummed to
herself as she prepared his room for his home-coming: "Oh, it's
wonderful. I'll get his room ready. I knew my baby would come home"
- a scratchy Victrola phonograph record played an upbeat
tune, I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles on the soundtrack; in the
rival gang's gruesome plan after kidnapping him from the hospital,
they gift-delivered Tommy's bullet-ridden, rope- and blanket-wrapped
'mummified' corpse/body, announced by a knock on the door; when brother
Mike answered the front door, Tommy appeared alive, bound from head
to foot except for his exposed, bandaged and bloody face; it was
the film's final memorable bone-chilling image - he tetter-tottered
on the doorstep, and then his mummy-body fell and crashed with a
dull thud - face-first onto the floor; the needle on the revolving
phonograph record reached the end of the record, sounding like a
heart-beat
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Tommy's Mummified Corpse Delivered to His Home's
Door
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- the film's somber message appeared over the image
- the studio added a cautionary, yet ineffective, postscript to
punish the anti-hero's transgressions by film's end: "The
END of Tom Powers is the end of every hoodlum. 'The Public Enemy'
is, not a man, nor is it a character -- it is a problem that sooner
or later WE, the public, must solve"
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Foreword
Young Tom Powers
As Young Boys, Fencing Stolen Items with "Putty Nose"
Tom 'Enforcing' The Purchase of Bootleg Beer by a Speakeasy
Bartender
Mike's Dinner-Time Argument with Tom About His Dishonest
Bootlegging Business
Tom's Counter-Argument Against Mike: "You killed
and liked it"
Tom's and Matt's Fancy Lifestyle: Cars, Clothes and Women
Matt's Marriage to Mamie (Joan Blondell)
Cold-Blooded Murder of "Putty Nose"
Gwen Allen (Jean Harlow) with Tom
Horse-Killing
Matt's Gunning Down
Tom Hospitalized and Reconciled with Mike
Epilogue
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