The Story (continued)
Blanche
swears that she never cheated her sister, or Stanley, or anyone else
on earth. Tearing into her, he insists on knowing where her papers
are - completely insensitive to her frail emotional condition. In
a tin box that contains most of her papers, he first finds her love
letters, snatches them from her and tosses them around the room.
With sexual innuendo, she attempts to reclaim them from being dirtied:
These are love letters, yellowing with antiquity,
all from one boy. Give them back to me!...The touch of your hand
insults them!...Now that you've touched them I'll burn them...Poems
a dead boy wrote. I hurt him the way that you would like to hurt
me, but you can't! I'm not young and vulnerable any more. But my
young husband was...Everyone has something they won't let others
touch because of their intimate nature.
Then, Blanche locates the many Belle Reve papers ("there
are thousands of papers, stretching back over hundreds of years affecting
Belle Reve") - she explains its loss and how her family had
squandered the fortune on 'epic debaucheries.' Her ancestors had
lived animalistically [similar to Stanley's uncontrolled physical
nature and libidinous way of life]:
Piece by piece, our improvident grandfathers exchanged
the land for their epic debauches, to put it mildly, 'til finally
all that was left - and Stella can verify that! - was the house
itself and about 20 acres of ground, including a graveyard, to
which now all but Stella and I have retreated.
She defiantly thrusts the papers of her family estate
at Stanley:
Here they are. All of them! All papers! I hereby
endow you with them! Take them. Peruse them. Commit them to memory,
even! I think it's wonderfully fitting that Belle Reve should finally
be this bunch of old papers in your big capable hands.
And then Stanley announces the underlying reason for
his interest in her papers: "Under the Napoleonic code, a man
has got to take an interest in his wife's affairs. I mean, especially
now that she's gonna have a baby." The news that Stella is pregnant
by Stanley is a shocking revelation to Blanche.
That evening, as Stanley's friends (including Pablo
Gonzales (Nick Dennis) and Steve Hubbell (Rudy Bond)) gather to play
poker in the cramped apartment late into the night, the sisters are
restored to each other after the confrontation between Blanche and
her brother-in-law over the lost home:
I guess he's just not the type that goes for jasmine
perfume. Maybe he's what we need to mix with our blood now that
we've lost Belle Reve. We'll have to go on without Belle Reve to
protect us. (She looks into the sky) Oh, how pretty the sky is!
I oughta go there on a rocket that never comes down.
Outside, Stella leads Blanche to a show, away from
the rough masculine crowd, as Blanche remarks: "The blind are
leading the blind!" One of Stanley's poker game buddies in the
sweaty, boozy game is shy, middle-aged Harold "Mitch"
Mitchell (Karl Malden) who often mentions his attachment to his sick
mother that he must attend to: "I've gotta sick mother and she
don't go to sleep until I get home at night."
The two sisters appear back at home after the show,
but before she enters, Blanche hesitates: "Wait till I powder.
I feel so hot and frazzled." When they appear in the midst of
the foursome playing their smoky card game, Stanley shows his characteristic
disrespect for his sister-in-law:
Blanche: Please don't get up.
Stanley: Nobody's gettin' up here, so don't get worried.
Blanche meets Mitch as he comes out of the bathroom
- and she is slightly attracted to Mitch's sensitive nature. Stanley
is in a foul mood, half-drunk, domineering toward his wife, and angry
that Blanche has turned on loud rhumba music on the radio.
Before leaving, Mitch strikes up a conversation with
Blanche in the back room, naively admiring her genteel ways and impressed
that she knows a quote from a "favorite sonnet" by Mrs.
Browning inscribed in his silver cigarette case given to him by a
dying girl: "And if God choose, I shall but love thee better
- after - death." A coquettish Blanche explains her name for
him:
It's a French name. It means woods, and Blanche means
white, so the two together mean white woods. Like an orchard in
spring. You can remember it by that, if you care to.
Mitch is most impressed by Blanche and behaves like
a gallant gentleman. He even puts a protective "adorable little
paper lantern" on one of the bare light bulbs at her request
to soften the glare:
Blanche: I can't stand a naked light bulb any more
than I can a rude remark or a vulgar action.
Mitch: Well, I guess we strike you as being a pretty rough bunch.
Blanche: I'm very adaptable to circumstances.
With the paper lampshade and the proper atmosphere
of subdued lighting, Blanche creates a soft, exotic, romantic dream-like
world in the shabby room: "We've made enchantment." Symbolically,
she is physically, psychologically, and emotionally fragile - and
hypersensitive to glaring bright lights that would reveal her declining
beauty. With the radio playing waltz music, Blanche dances while
gesturing romantically in the air - Mitch moves next to her like
a dancing bear.
Suddenly, after losing a poker hand, a drunken Stanley
bursts into the room, and throws the music-playing radio crashing
out the window. Stella thinks he has gone completely beserk: "Drunk,
Drunk, animal thing you!" Stanley charges after his wife and
assaults her with a few blows, causing a fight to break out to control
his "lunacy." His poker buddies hold him under a cold shower
to sober him up.
Dripping wet with water, Stanley realizes he has struck
and abused Stella, and feeling repentant for lashing out at her,
he searches for her. Stella and Blanche have sought protective refuge
in the upstairs apartment up a flight of stairs with wrought-iron
railings. Sensually-macho and virile in his wet, torn T-shirt, he
bellows repeatedly for Stella from the street in front of their building
and sorrowfully begs for her return. It is a powerful, primal cry
for her - almost an animalistic mating call:
Hey, Stell - Laaahhhhh!
This scene is one of the most regularly-chosen clips
played in film excerpts from cinematic history. With the low moan
of a clarinet, Stella finally responds to her contradictory impulses
- her anger melts into forgiveness, her fear into desire, and her
distaste into sexual dependence and desire. [She demonstrates her
own addiction to sex, similar to her sister's desires - their common
ancestral heritage.] She leaves the shelter of the upstairs apartment
and stands staring down at him from the upper landing. Then, she
surrenders herself to him - she slowly descends the spiraling stairs
to him and comes down to his level. He drops to his knees, crying.
She sympathizes with him as he presses his face up to her pregnant
belly and listens to the heartbeat of their unborn child. She kneads
his muscle-bound back as they embrace and kiss. Stanley begs: "Don't
ever leave me, baby," and then literally sweeps her off her
feet. Like a caveman, he carries her into his cave - into the dark
apartment. [The film hints at the consummation of their lustful relationship,
but provides no direct evidence.]
Blanche comes looking for them, and finds them inside
- she stops and catches herself before entering into the flat. Outside
the building, she finds Mitch, who asks if everything is "all
quiet along the Potomac now?" He assures Blanche that the feuding
couple are "crazy about each other," and things will be
fine between them. Blanche thanks Mitch for his concern: "...so
much confusion in the world. Thank you for being so kind. I need
kindness now." Blanche has found that Mitch offers her one final
chance to realize her self-preserving fantasy.
The following morning, Blanche (who has spent a sleepless
night upstairs) is surprised to find that Stella has forgiven Stanley
so quickly: "He was as good as a lamb when I came back. He's
really very, very ashamed of himself."
[Some of the dialogue in this scene was excised by the censors.] Still
lying in her bed under a sheet, lounging there following blissful sexual
submission to Stanley the night before, Stella winsomely reminisces
about Stanley as a destructive smasher. He had smashed things before,
like on their wedding night when he triumphantly broke all the light
bulbs in their place with one of Stella's slippers. She reflectively
concludes - happily: "I was sort of thrilled by it."
Blanche suggests a plan to get them away from the mad,
crazy man ("You're married to a madman") that Stella sexually
desires, but Stella defends Stanley and their love - not willing
to sacrifice the stability she has found in her life with him: "I
wish you'd stop taking it for granted that I'm in something I want
to get out of."
Blanche: What you are talking about is desire - just
brutal Desire! The name of that rattle-trap streetcar that bangs
through the Quarter, up one old narrow street and down another.
Stella: Haven't you ever ridden on that streetcar?
Blanche: It brought me here. Where I'm not wanted and where I'm ashamed
to be.
Stella: Don't you think your superior attitude is a little out of
place?
Furtively, Blanche betrays an envy of her sister's
sexual involvement with her earthy husband. (Stanley, wearing a grease-stained
undershirt, has returned from outside and overhears their conversation
- in which he is condemned.) Then, Blanche describes him as animalistic,
obscene, bestial and common:
May I speak plainly?...If you'll forgive me, he's
common!...He's like an animal. He has an animal's habits. There's
even something subhuman about him. Thousands of years have passed
him right by, and there he is! Stanley Kowalski, survivor of the
Stone Age, bearing the raw meat home from the kill in the jungle!
And you - you here waiting for him. Maybe he'll strike you or maybe
grunt and kiss you, that's if kisses have been discovered yet.
His poker night you call it. His party of apes!
Blanche contends that there has been progress in the
human race with the development of the arts, poetry, and music -
cultural elements that bring light to the darkness. She admonishes
her sister: "Don't - don't hang back with the brutes!"
Antagonized by Blanche's attempts to destroy his home,
Stanley is increasingly hostile and unfriendly to his sister-in-law.
Determined to unmask Blanche's dishonest masquerade and illusory
world, Stanley begins to learn of Blanche's tawdry past (and various
skeletons in the closet) through information from a friend named
Shaw. Shaw, who regularly traveled to Mississippi, reported that
Blanche had been seen at the squalid Flamingo Hotel selling her less
than lady-like wares. When confronted, Blanche denies any association
with the place, asserting:
The Hotel Flamingo is not a place that I would dare
to be seen in...I've seen it and, uh, smelled it...The odor of
cheap perfume is penetrating.
Stanley threatens to have his friend check again in
the town of Laurel to verify whether or not it was her.
Nervous and on edge, Blanche is paranoid of "unkind
gossip" from her past, so she confesses to her sister: "I
haven't been so awfully good the last year or so, since Belle Reve
started to slip through my fingers." She is morbid about the
unpleasant realities of life and the impediments that face her in
forming a permanent bond - her declining fortunes, her decreasing
allure and beauty, and her advancing age:
I never was hard or self-sufficient enough. Soft
people, soft people have got to court the favor of hard ones, Stella.
You got to shimmer and glow. I don't know how much longer I can
turn the trick. It isn't enough to be soft. You've got to be soft
and attractive. And I-I'm fading now.
When Stella pours Blanche a drink - a coke with a shot
of whiskey - it overflows and spills foam on Blanche's dress. Upset
by being sullied and violated [a symbolic suggestion to foreshadow
the climactic rape scene], Blanche screams with a piercing cry about
stains on her pastel-colored dress: "Right on my pretty pink
skirt." She is reassured and recovers when the skirt is gently
blotted and the stain comes out:
Stella: Did it stain?
Blanche: No. No, not a bit. Ha-ha (hysterically) Isn't that lucky?
Stella: Why did you scream like that?
Blanche: I don't know why I screamed.
Blanche confides in her sister of her affection for
Mitch, believing that she can be rescued, "waited on" and
taken away from her problems by marriage:
Mitch is coming at seven. I guess I'm a little nervous
about our relations. He hasn't gotten anything more than a goodnight
kiss. That's all I've given him, Stella. I want his respect. A
man don't want anything they get too easy. On the other hand, men
lose interest quickly, especially when a girl is over, over 30...I
haven't informed him of my real age.
"Because of hard knocks my vanity's been given," Blanche
is sensitive about her advancing age, and she attempts to keep surrounding
herself with illusion:
"He thinks I'm sort of prim and proper, you know! I want to deceive him
just enough to make him want me."
When a young newspaper delivery boy (Wright King) comes
to the door to collect the bill for The Evening Star [Stella's
name means 'celestial star'] one rainy afternoon, Blanche is attracted
to him as a lonely woman pathologically desperate and yearning for
sexual attention. He reminds her of her young husband who committed
suicide [in her head, she hears polka music again - a flashback reverie
of his suicide], and still neurotically grieving, she wants to subconsciously
make up for his death. She causes the bashful young man to linger
with small talk, first asking for a light for her cigarette and then
asking for the time:
Young man. Young, young, young. Did anyone ever tell
you you look like a young prince out of the Arabian Nights? You
do, honey lamb. Come here. (She seductively offers herself for
a maternal kiss - he walks to her.) Come on over here, like I told
you. I want to kiss you just once, softly and sweetly [on your
mouth]*. *(originally deleted)
But she catches herself after seductively pressing
one kiss into his lips, knowing she has a weakness for young males:
Run away now quickly. It would have been nice to
keep you, but I've got to be good - and keep my hands off children.
Adios. Adios.
Immediately thereafter, Mitch comes around the corner,
arriving in the young man's place. She demands that he court her
chivalrously: "Look who's here. My Rosenkavalier!" He presents
her with flowers, bows chivalrously, and they go on a date to a dancing
casino.
Feeling dismal and depressed, they wander to the outside
porch of the pier/dock where they talk under a lamppost. She apologizes
for not being able to "rise to the occasion...I don't think
I've ever tried so hard to be gay and made such a dismal mess of
it." Mitch doubtfully asks permission for a kiss, but Blanche
declines expressing her natural feelings, explaining that it would
encourage other familiarities: "...a single girl, a girl alone
in the world, has got to keep a firm hold on her emotions, or she'll
be lost." Mitch open-heartedly confesses: "In all my experience,
I have never known anyone like you." Blanche reacts with a laugh.
To fulfill more of Blanche's romantic dreams, she wants
them to pretend that they are sitting in a little bohemian artists'
cafe on the Left Bank in Paris. To create a make-believe, refined
atmosphere, she lights a candle stub on the table and asks for "joie
de vivre." Apologetic for sweating profusely, Mitch is persuaded
to remove his "light weight alpaca" coat and then he explains
why he has such an imposing physique and muscular strength - he lifts
weights and swims to keep fit.
He expects a kiss and fumbles to embrace her after
putting his hands on her waist and raising her off the ground, but
she evades him, calling him a "natural gentleman, one of the
few left in the world." Then, she excuses herself as having "old-fashioned
ideals." She slowly rolls her eyes up toward him. Mitch turns
from her to cool off, and there is a long, awkward silence between
them.
She asks Mitch if a hostile Stanley has talked about
her and what his "attitude"
is toward her. Uneasy, Mitch soon changes the subject and asks how
old she is. An overgrown mama's boy, he explains that his sick mother
wants to know all about her and wishes for him to settle down before
she dies (in maybe just a few months). Reminded of a past love affair
when she was sixteen, Blanche reveals her discovery of love -
All at once and much, much too completely. It was
like you suddenly turned a blinding light on something that had
always been half in shadow, that's how it struck the world for
me. But I was unlucky - deluded.
In a very veiled account in the foggy surroundings
of the dance casino, she tearfully recalls the details of her tragic
early marriage to a handsome youth named Allan. Her memories are
a painful reminder and she struggles to talk about how she judgmentally
failed to be loving toward him:
- He was homosexual: "There was something about
the boy, a nervousness, a tenderness, an uncertainty that I didn't
understand."
- Blanche wished to satisfy her need to protect and
help the young boy:
"He lost every job. He came to me for help. I didn't know that.
I didn't know anything except that I loved him unendurably."
- He was possibly impotent with her, his new bride: "At
night, I pretended to sleep. I heard him crying. Crying, crying
the way a lost child cries."
- She regretfully blames herself for driving her husband
to suicide by cruelly rejecting him - at another dance casino: "I
killed him. One night, we drove out to a place called Moon Lake
Casino. We danced the Varsouviana! [the polka dance] Suddenly in
the middle of the dance floor, the boy I had married broke away
from me and ran out of the casino. A few minutes later - a shot!
(A distant shot sounds) I ran - all did - all ran and gathered
about the terrible thing at the edge of the lake. He stuck a revolver
into his mouth and fired. It was because, on the dance floor, unable
to stop myself I said - 'You're weak! I've lost respect for you!
I despise you!"
Metaphorically, the merciless exposure of the revelation
about the young man extinguished the momentarily-illuminated searchlight
and dimmed Blanche's world ever since:
And then the searchlight which had been turned on
the world was turned off again and never for one moment since has
there been any light stronger than, than this yellow lantern.
Afterwards, Mitch comes over to stand by her and he
tentatively consoles her, having been persuaded to revere her as
an innocent, wronged woman:
You need somebody. And I need somebody, too. Could
it be you and me, Blanche?
He thinks about proposing to her and kisses her forehead.
They huddle together and embrace, feeling a mutual need for each
other - they kiss on the lips. |